SigNatUrEs.....

First, let us analyze to know which qualities inthe signature are good and which are bad. After that, we can understand how to put a signature in a better way to attract luck. 

Compare the signature with the body of the written script

Generally a signature is written below some text. So, the signature is inseparable from the written script. When compared to the text, if the signature is standing out and its letters are slightly bigger, then you have a high esteem of your self. You have a good confidence on your abilities. 

If the signature is smaller when compared to the body of the text, then you have inferiority or setting a low value for yourself. 

Placement of signature with respect to the body of written text 

Normally, the signature should be placed at the right hand side below the written text. If the signature is placed at the left side, then it shows the person wants to escape from the surroundings and troubles. If the signature is narrow and small, then the person is under severe depression. This type of signature is seen in the people who commit suicide. 

When the signature is at extreme right side of the page, then the person has no patience and of critical mind. 

Compare the surname and person’s name

Many people write their surname (family name) first and then their own name. If you write your surname with more stress and a bit larger than your personal name, then you give more importance to your social status and your family reputation. See the signature of Lata Mangeshkar, famous singer. The M in the family name is very big and dominating. She wants to keep high her family reputation. The sharp top edges of M represent that her mind can instantly understand and process the pieces of information very quickly. 

On the other hand, if you write your personal name wider and prominent, then you crave for good personal life and want to grow as an individual. 

If there is much gap between the surname and personal name, then there is no coherence between your social lifeand your personal life. This leads to setbacks in your earnings and relations. 

Vertical expansion in the signature

When the signature grows vertically (height-wise), it indicates that you strive for distinctive reputation. See the signature of Dev Anand, cine artist. All the letters are vertically expanded. The D represents that he is a good reader and the bottom looping of D represents that he is an artist. 

Lines below the signature

A single horizontal line below the signature represents that the person has achieved control and stability in his thoughts. See the long line below the signature of APJ AbdulKalam, former president of India. 

Dots at the end of the signature

A single dot placed at the end of the signature represents that you do not trust others easily and you love some fine art. Two dots below the signature represent that you are romantic and you give more importance to beauty. This is clearly shown in the signature of Amitabh Bachchan, cine artist. 

Signature slashing towards left

When the end stroke of the signature turns left and strikes back the name, the person will attack himself and becomes his own victim. In the signature of Michael Jackson, famous singer and dancer, we can observe the loop of L coming back and striking the M. The J looks like a knife. These factors represent death like situation where he may kill himself either by a knife or by taking poison. 

Circled signature

A circle or enclosed ring around the signature symbolizes protection against the anxiety and retreat. See the big loop of L encircling the word: Michael, in the signature of Michael Jackson. 

Line roofing the signature

When a long line is written above the signature as a roof over it, it is an indication of creative, spiritual and intellectual ambitions of the person.

Thread like signature 

If your signature looks like a thread connecting the letters, you are capable of reading others thoughts and can solve others problems. See the signature of Mahatma Gandhi, freedom fighter. The bottom loop of G terminating in anti-clock wise direction represents danger from weapons. 

Beginning letters in the signature

If the beginning capital letter is small, the person has low confidence and doubts his own abilities. A person uses small capitals in the signature after he or she has undergone some injury or surgical operation. See the signature of Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer. The first letters S and J are both in lower case.

Abdul Kalam's Letter to all indians..

 

Why is the media here so negative? Why are we in India so embarrassed to recognize our own strengths, our achievements? We are such a great nation. We have so many amazing success stories but we refuse to acknowledge them. Why? We are the first in milk production. We are number one in Remote sensing satellites. We are the second largest producer of wheat. We are the second largest producer of rice. Look at Dr. Sudarshan , he has transferred the tribal village into a self-sustaining, self-driving unit. There are millions of such achievements but our media is only obsessed in the bad news and failures and disasters. I was in Tel Aviv once and I was reading the Israeli newspaper. It was the day after a lot of attacks and bombardments and deaths had taken place. The Hamas had struck. But the front page of the newspaper had the picture of a Jewish gentleman who in five years had transformed his desert into an orchid and a granary. It was this inspiring picture that everyone woke up to. The gory details of killings, bombardments, deaths, were inside in the newspaper, buried among other news. In India we only read about death, sickness, terrorism, crime.. Why are we so NEGATIVE? Another question: Why are we, as a nation so obsessed with foreign things? We want foreign T.Vs, we want foreign shirts. We want foreign technology. Why this obsession with everything imported. Do we not realize that self-respect comes with self-reliance? I was in Hyderabad giving this lecture, when a 14 year old girl asked me for my autograph. I asked her what her goal in life is. She replied: I want to live in a developed India . For her, you and I will have to build this developed India . You must proclaim. India is not an under-developed nation; it is a highly developed nation.Do you have 10 minutes? Allow me to come back with a vengeance. Got 10 minutes for your country? If yes, then read; otherwise, choice is yours..YOU say that our government is inefficient. YOU say that our laws are too old. YOU say that the municipality does not pick up the garbage. YOU say that the phones don't work, the railways are a joke. The airline is the worst in the world, mails never reach their destination. YOU say that our country has been fed to the dogs and is the absolute pits. YOU say, say and say. What do YOU do about it? Take a person on his way to Singapore . Give him a name - 'YOURS'. Give him a face - 'YOURS'. YOU walk out of the airport and you are at your International best. In Singapore you don't throw cigarette butts on the roads or eat in the stores. YOU are as proud of their Underground links as they are.. You pay $5 (approx. Rs. 60) to drive through Orchard Road (equivalent of Mahim Causeway or Pedder Road) between 5 PM and 8 PM. YOU come back to the parking lot to punch your parking ticket if you have over stayed in a restaurant or a shopping mall irrespective of your status identity… In Singapore you don't say anything, DO YOU? YOU wouldn't dare to eat in public during Ramadan, in Dubai .. YOU would not dare to go out without your head covered in Jeddah. YOU would not dare to buy an employee of the telephone exchange in London at 10 pounds (Rs.650) a month to, 'see to it that my STD and ISD calls are billed to someone else.'YOU would not dare to speed beyond 55 mph (88 km/h) in Washington and then tell the traffic cop, 'Jaanta hai main kaun hoon (Do you know who I am?). I am so and so's son. Take your two bucks and get lost.' YOU wouldn't chuck an empty coconut shell anywhere other than the garbage pail on the beaches in Australia and New Zealand .. Why don't YOU spit Paan on the streets of Tokyo ? Why don't YOU use examination jockeys or buy fake certificates in Boston ??? We are still talking of the same YOU. YOU who can respect and conform to a foreign system in other countries but cannot in your own. You who will throw papers and cigarettes on the road the moment you touch Indian ground. If you can be an involved and appreciative citizen in an alien country, why cannot you be the same here in India ?  In America every dog owner has to clean up after his pet has done the job. Same in Japan .. Will the Indian citizen do that here?' He's right. We go to the polls to choose a government and after that forfeit all responsibility. We sit back wanting to be pampered and expect the government to do everything for us whilst our contribution is totally negative. We expect the government to clean up but we are not going to stop chucking garbage all over the place nor are we going to stop to pick a up a stray piece of paper and throw it in the bin. We expect the railways to provide clean bathrooms but we are not going to learn the proper use of bathrooms. We want Indian Airlines and Air India to provide the best of food and toiletries but we are not going to stop pilfering at the least opportunity. This applies even to the staff who is known not to pass on the service to the public. When it comes to burning social issues like those related to women, dowry, girl child! and others, we make loud drawing room protestations and continue to do the reverse at home. Our excuse? 'It's the whole system which has to change, how will it matter if I alone forego my sons' rights to a dowry.' So who's going to change the system? What does a system consist of? Very conveniently for us it consists of our neighbours, other households, other cities, other communities and the government. But definitely not me and YOU. When it comes to us actually making a positive contribution to the system we lock ourselves along with our families into a safe cocoon and look into the distance at countries far away and wait for a Mr.Clean to come along & work miracles for us with a majestic sweep of his hand or we leave the country and run away. Like lazy cowards hounded by our fears we run to America to bask in their glory and praise their system. When New York becomes insecure we run to England . When England experiences unemployment, we take the next flight out to the Gulf. When the Gulf is war struck, we demand to be rescued and brought home by the Indian government. Everybody is out to abuse and rape the country. Nobody thinks of feeding the system. Our conscience is mortgaged to money. Dear Indians, The article is highly thought inductive, calls for a great deal of introspection and pricks one's conscience too…. I am echoing J. F. Kennedy's words to his fellow Americans to relate to Indians….. 'ASK WHAT WE CAN DO FOR INDIA AND DO WHAT HAS TO BE DONE TO MAKE INDIA WHAT AMERICA AND OTHER WESTERN COUNTRIES ARE TODAY' Lets do what India needs from us. Forward this mail to each Indian for a change instead of sending Jokes or junk mails. Thank you, Dr.. Abdul Kalam               I humbly request you to forward this to every Indian……

"Character is the diamond that scratches every other stone".

A Mind Blowing Letter Written by IIT Bombay Student Nitin Gupta to Rahul Gandhi on his comment

हिंदी में पढने के लिये यहाँ क्लिक करे : http://itsnicebuddy.blogspot.com/2011/08/mind-blowing-letter-written-by-iit_26.html

A REPLY LETTER WRITTEN BY: 

NITIN GUPTA ( RIVALDO) 

B.Tech, IIT Bombay 

ON 

( Rahul Gandhi: "I feel ashamed to call myself an INDIAN after seeing what has happened here in UP". )

Dear Rahul, 

YOU REALLY WANT TO FEEL ASHAMED???????

But don't be disappointed, I would give you ample reasons to feel ashamed... You really want to feel Ashamed..? 

First Ask Pranav Mukherjee, Why isn't he giving the details of the account holders in the Swiss Banks. 

Ask your Mother, Who is impeding the Investigation against Hasan Ali? 

Ask her, Who got 60% Kickbacks in the 2G Scam ? 

Kalamdi is accused of a Few hundred Crores, Who Pocketed the Rest in the Common Wealth Games? 

Ask Praful Patel what he did to the Indian Airlines? Why did Air India let go of the Profitable Routes ? 

Why should the Tax Payer pay for the Air India losses, when you intend to eventually DIVEST IT ANYWAY!!! 

Also, You People can't run an Airline Properly. How can we expect you to run the Nation? 

Ask Manmohan Singh. Why/What kept him quiet for so long? 

Are Kalmadi and A Raja are Scapegoats to save Big Names like Harshad Mehta was in the 1992 Stock Market Scandal ? 

Who let the BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY Accused go Scot Free? ( 20,000 People died in that Tragedy) 

Who ordered the State Sponsored Massacre of SIKHS in 84? 

Please read more about, How Indira Gandhi pushed the Nation Under Emergency in 76-77, after the HC declared her election to Lok Sabha Void! 

WHY ONLY HIGHLIGHT THIS ARREST? 

Dear Rahul, to refresh your memory, you were arrested/detained by the FBI the BOSTON Airport in September 2001. 

You were carrying with you $ 1,60,000 in Cash. You couldn't explain why you were carrying so much Cash. 

Incidentally He was with his Columbian girlfriend Veronique Cartelli, ALLEGEDLY, the Daughter of Drug Mafia. 

9 HOURS he was kept at the Airport. 

Later then freed on the intervention of the then Prime Minister Mr.Vajpayee.. FBI filed an equivalent of an FIR in US and released him. 

When FBI was asked to divulge the information, by Right/Freedom to Information Activists about the reasons Rahul was arrested ... FBI asked for a NO OBJECTION CERTIFICATE from Rahul Gandhi. 

So Subramaniyam Swami wrote a Letter to Rahul Gandhi, " If you have NOTHING to HIDE, Give us the Permission" 

HE NEVER REPLIED! 

Why did that arrest not make Headlines Rahul? You could have gone to the Media and told, "I am ashamed to call myself an INDIAN?". 

Or is it that, you only do like to highlight Symbolic Arrests (like in UP) and not Actual Arrests ( In BOSTON) 

Kindly Clarify..... 

In any case, you want to feel ashamed, Read Along... 

YOUR MOTHER'S SO CALLED SACRIFICE OF GIVING UP PRIME MINISTER SHIP in 2004. 

According to a Provision in the Citizenship Act. 

A Foreign National who becomes a Citizen of India, is bounded by the same restrictions, which an Indian would face, If he/she were to become a Citizen of Italy. (Condition based on principle of reciprocity) 

Now Since you can't become a PM in Italy, Unless you are born there. Likewise an Italian Citizen can't become Indian PM, unless He/She is not born here! 

Dr. SUBRAMANIYAM SWAMI (The Man who Exposed the 2G Scam) sent a letter to the PRESIDENT OF INDIA bringing the same to his Notice. 

PRESIDENT OF INDIA sent a letter to Sonia Gandhi to this effect, 3:30 PM, May 17th, 2004. 

Swearing Ceremony was scheduled for 5 PM the same Day. 

Manmohan Singh was brought in the Picture at the last moment to Save Face!! 

Rest of the SACRIFICE DRAMA which she choreographed was an EYE WASH!!! 

Infact Sonia Gandhi had sent, 340 letters, each signed by different MP to the PRESIDENT KALAM, supporting her candidacy for PM. 

One of those letters read, I Sonia Gandhi, elected Member from Rai Bareli, hereby propose Sonia Gandhi as Prime Minister. 

So SHE was Pretty INTERESTED! Until She came to know the Facts! 

So She didn't make any Sacrifice, It so happens that SONIA GANDHI couldn't have become the PM of INDIA that time. 

You could be Ashamed about that Dear Rahul!! One Credential Sonia G had, Even that was a HOAX! 

THINK ABOUT YOURSELF. 

You go to Harvard on Donation Quota. ( Hindujas Gave HARVARD 11 million dollars the same year, when Rajiv Gandhi was in Power) 

Then you are expelled in 3 Months/ You Dropped out in 3 Months.... ( Sadly Manmohan Singh wasn't the Dean of Harvard that time, else you might have had a chance... Too Bad, there is only one Manmohan Singh!) 

Then Why did you go about lying about being Masters in Economics from Harvard .. before finally taking it off your Resume upon questioning by Dr. SUBRAMANIYAM SWAMI (The Gentlemen who exposed the 2G Scam) 

At St. Stephens.. You Fail the Hindi Exam. Hindi Exam!!! 

And you are representing the Biggest Hindi Speaking State of the Country? 

SONIA GANDHI's EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS 

Sonia G gave a sworn affidavit as a Candidate that She Studied English atUniversity of Cambridge 

According to Cambridge University, there is no such Student EVER! 

Upon a Case by Dr. Subramaniyam Swami filed against her, She subsequently dropped the CAMBRIDGE CREDENTIAL from her Affidavit. 

Sonia Gandhi didn't even pass High School. She is just 5th class Pass! In this sense, She shares a common Educational Background with her 2G Partner in Crime, Karunanidhi. 

You Fake your Educational Degree, Your Mother Fakes her Educational Degree. 

And then you go out saying, " We want Educated Youth into Politics!" 

WHY LIE ABOUT EDUCATIONAL CREDENTIALS? 

Not that Education is a Prerequisite for being a great Leader, but then you shouldn't have lied about your qualifications! 

You could feel a little ashamed about Lying about your Educational Qualifications. You had your reasons I know, Because in India, WE RESPECT EDUCATION! 

But who cares about Education, When you are a Youth Icon!! 

YOUTH ICON 

You traveled in the Local Train for the first time at the Age of 38. 

You went to some Villages as a part of Election Campaign. 

And You won a Youth Icon!! ... That's why You are my Youth Icon. 

For 25 Million People travel by Train Everyday. You are the First Person to win a Youth Icon for boarding a Train. 

Thousands of Postmen go to remotest of Villages. None of them have yet gotten a Youth Icon. 

You were neither YOUNG Nor ICONIC! 

Still You became a Youth Icon beating Iconic and Younger Contenders likeRAHUL DRAVID. 

Shakespeare said, What's in a Name? 

Little did he knew, It's all in the Name, Especially the Surname! 

Speaking of Surname, Sir DO YOU REALLY RESPECT GANDHI, OR IS IT JUST TO CASH IN ON THE GOODWILL OF MAHATMA? 

Because the Name on your Passport is RAUL VINCI. Not RAHUL GANDHI.. 

May be if you wrote your Surname as Gandhi, you would have experienced, what Gandhi feels like, LITERALLY ( Pun Intended) 

You People don't seem to use Gandhi much, except when you are fighting Elections. ( There it makes complete sense). 

Imagine fighting elections by the Name Raul Vinci... 

You use the name GANDHI at will and then say, " Mujhe yeh YUVRAJ shabdInsulting lagta hai! Kyonki aaj Hindustan mein Democracy hai, aur is shabd ka koi matlab nahin hai! 

YUVRAJ, Itna hi Insulting lagta hai, to lad lo RAUL VINCI ke Naam se!!! Jin Kisano ke saath photo khinchate ho woh bhi isliye entertain karte hain ki GANDHI ho.. RAUL VINCI bol ke Jao... Ghar mein nahin ghusaenge!!! 

You could feel ashamed for your Double Standards. 

YOUTH INTO POLITICS. 

Now You want Youth to Join Politics. 

I say First you Join Politics. Because you haven't Joined Politics. You have Joined a Family Business. 

First you Join Politics. Win an Election fighting as RAUL VINCI and Not Rahul Gandhi, then come and ask the youth and the Educated Brass for more involvement in Politics. 

Also till then, Please don't give me examples of Sachin Pilot and Milind Deora and Naveen Jindal as youth who have joined Politics.They are not Politicians. They Just happen to be Politicians. 

Much Like Abhishek Bachchan and other Star Sons are not Actors. They just happen to be Actors (For Obvious Reasons) 

So, We would appreciate if you stop requesting the Youth to Join Politics till you establish your credentials... 

WHY WE CAN'T JOIN POLITICS! 

Rahul Baba, Please understand, Your Father had a lot of money in your Family account ( in Swiss Bank) when he died. 

Ordinary Youth has to WORK FOR A LIVING. YOUR FAMILY just needs to NETWORK FOR A LIVING 

So, We would appreciate if you stop requesting the Youth to Join Politics till you establish your credentials... 

If our Father had left thousands of Crores with us, We might consider doing the same. But we have to Work. Not just for ourselves. But also for you. So that we can pay 30% of our Income to the Govt. which can then be channelized to the Swiss Banks and your Personal Accounts under some Pseudo Names. 

So Rahul, Please don't mind If the Youth doesn't Join Politics. We are doing our best to fund your Election Campaigns and your Chopper Trips to the Villages. 

Somebody has to Earn the Money that Politicians Feed On. 

NO WONDER YOU ARE NOT GANDHI'S. YOU ARE SO CALLED GANDHI'S!! 

Air India, KG Gas Division, 2G, CWG, SWISS BANK Account Details... Hasan Ali, KGB., FBI Arrest.. 

You want to feel ashamed.. 

Feel Ashamed for what the First Family of Politics has been reduced to... A Money Laundering Enterprise. 

NO WONDER YOU ARE NOT GANDHI'S BY BLOOD. GANDHI is an adopted Name. For Indira didn't marry Mahatma Gandhi's Son. 

For even if you had one GENE OF GANDHI JI in your DNA. YOU WOULDN'T HAVE BEEN PLAGUED BY SUCH 'POVERTY OF AMBITION' ( Ambition of only EARNING MONEY) 

You really want to feel Ashamed. 

Feel Ashamed for what you ' SO CALLED GANDHI'S' have done to MAHATMA'S Legacy.. 

I so wish GANDHI JI had Copyrighted his Name! 

Meanwhile, I would request Sonia Gandhi to change her name to $ONIA GANDHI, and you could replace the 'R' in RAHUL/RAUL by the New Rupee Symbol!!! 

RAUL VINCI : I am ashamed to call myself an Indian. 

Even we are ashamed to call you so! 

P.S: Popular Media is either bought or blackmailed, controlled to Manufacture Consent! My Guess is Social Media is still a Democratic Platform. (Now they are trying to put legislations to censor that too!!). Meanwhile, Let's ask these questions, for we deserve some Answers. 

YOURS SINCERELY 

 NITIN GUPTA ( RIVALDO) 

 B.Tech, IIT Bombay

PLEASE SHARE THIS PAGE AS MUCH YOU CAN AND MAKE PEOPLE AWARE...THANKS

SToCk MArKeT ExPlAinEr 2

The first part of The Explainer on Stock Markets focused on a few basic aspects of the stock market, like meaning of share, types of markets, stock exchange, and demat account.

This article will focus on participants in the stock market, like brokers and investors. 

What is Speculation?
In the world of stock markets, Speculation relates to any activity that involves risk-taking. For example, a speculator may try to buy at a low price to sell later at a higher price, thus making a neat profit in the bargain. Now, you may wonder where is the risk here?

Any activity which is future-based involves risk. Look at it this way: the speculator buys at what he believes is a low price; he does this to sell at a higher price - something that may happen in the future. But there is no guarantee that the price will rise in the future. Thus he is taking a chance; in stock market jargon, this 'taking a chance' is called speculation.

In a simple way, let's say, even before the third test between India and England starts, you place a bet on its outcome - that India will win the match. Now what you are doing here is that you are speculating, with considerable risk involved - India may or may not win the match! 

Who is a Broker?
A broker is a middleman who brings a buyer and a seller together. He helps strike a deal; he charges brokerage or commission for his services. He does not buy or sell for himself; he does this to earn commission. In the stock market, there are both individual brokers as well as corporate brokers (like Motilal Oswal).

Types of Stock Brokers

There are two important types of brokers: Bear and Bull. Though brokers, they are called by these peculiar names after the kind of speculation they indulge in. 

Who is a Bear?
A bear is a broker and a speculator. He is a pessimist; he expects the price of shares to fall.  So what he tries to do is to sell at today's price, which he fears will fall in the future. He believes that by selling the shares at today's higher price, he can avoid making a loss in the future. If there is large-scale selling by a large number of bears, such a market sentiment is called bearish.

Who is a Bull?

A bull is a broker and a speculator. He is an optimist; he expects the price of shares to rise.  So what he tries to do is to buy at today's price, which he hopes will rise in the future. He believes that by buying the shares at today's lower price, he can make a big profit in the future after selling the shares at a higher price. If there is large-scale buying by a large number of bulls, such a market sentiment is called bullish.

After this simple take on stock brokers like bulls and bears, now let us look at two important types of investors: Chicken, Pig, and Stag.

Types of Investors
There are three important types of investors: Stag, Chicken, and Pig. I will not focus on the long term investor. 

Who is a Stag?

A Stag is an investor who buys shares through a famous company's Share Issue, i.e. on application when the company comes out with a share issue. He does this with a simple view: Buy at the face value (i.e. par value) and sell either before the company gets listed on the stock exchange (i.e. before trading starts on the stock exchange), or on the first day of the listing or in the first few days after the company gets listed on the stock exchange. 

The idea behind this is simple: buy at a low price (on application) and sell at a profit when the price goes up in the first few days of the company's listing. There is pretty little risk involved in this kind of trading. 

Who is a Chicken?

Ever heard the term - 'chicken-hearted'? If you called someone 'chicken-hearted', you meant to call that person a coward,  i.e. someone lacking courage. 

In the same way, a Chicken is an investor who does not have the courage to take risk. He is risk-averse, i.e. he avoids taking risk. He does not wish to lose money (and sleep!). So he does not speculate; he also avoid buying / selling anything for the short term. Typically he invests money in fixed deposits (mostly with nationalised banks; the guy would not trust private sector banks) and government bonds, like those issued by the RBI. On a rare occasion, he might invest in some blue chip stocks for the long term.

For your information, blue chip stocks relate to those companies that are financially secure, have a long track record of consistent growth, and sometimes, high dividend payout history.

Who is a Pig?

As an investor, a Pig is the antithesis of a Chicken; a Pig loves to take risk, to make that LARGE profit. Being impulsive and greedy by nature, he buys on the spur of the moment, without doing any background check on how the company is performing or whether the share price will rise. 

A Pig is the darling of a stock broker (bear / bull). Since he is a huge risk-taker, the stock brokers love him. The Pig may or may not make money but the stock broker does (by earning his commission).

I wanted to keep this article short; I hope this helps.

(Read The Explainer: Stock Market - Part I) 

try dis guys.....

Airtel song in c
code:for song

#include<dos.h>
#include<stdio.h>
float main(void)
{
float A,Bb,D,G,F;
A = 440;
G = 780;
Bb = 461;
D = 586;
F = 687;
sound(G);
delay(500);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(500);
nosound();
sound(2*D);
delay(500);
nosound();
sound(2*A);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(2*Bb);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(2*A);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(F);
delay(500);
nosound();
sound(2*A);
delay(500);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(2*A);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(F);
delay(250);
sound(G);
delay(250);
sound(2*A);
delay(250);
sound(2*Bb);
delay(500);
sound(2*A);
delay(500);
sound(G);
delay(250);
sound(F);
delay(250);
sound(D);
delay(500);
nosound();


//end 1
sound(G);
delay(500);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(500);
nosound();
sound(2*D);
delay(500);
nosound();
sound(2*A);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(2*Bb);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(2*A);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(F);
delay(500);
nosound();
sound(2*A);
delay(500);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(2*A);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(F);
delay(250);
sound(G);
delay(250);
sound(2*A);
delay(250);
sound(2*Bb);
delay(500);
sound(2*A);
delay(500);
sound(G);
delay(250);
sound(F);
delay(250);
sound(D);
delay(500);
nosound();
//end 2
sound(2*A);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(F);
delay(250);
sound(G);
delay(250);
sound(2*A);
delay(250);
sound(2*Bb);
delay(500);
sound(2*A);
delay(500);
sound(G);
delay(250);
sound(F);
delay(250);
sound(D);
delay(500);
nosound();
//end 3
sound(2*A);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(G);
delay(250);
nosound();
sound(F);
delay(250);
sound(G);
delay(250);
sound(2*A);
delay(250);
sound(2*Bb);
delay(500);
sound(2*A);
delay(500);
sound(G);
delay(250);
sound(F);
delay(250);
sound(D);
delay(500);
nosound();
return 0;
}

SToCk MArKeT ExPlAinEr 2

The first part of The Explainer on Stock Markets focused on a few basic aspects of the stock market, like meaning of share, types of markets, stock exchange, and demat account.

This article will focus on participants in the stock market, like brokers and investors. 

What is Speculation?
In the world of stock markets, Speculation relates to any activity that involves risk-taking. For example, a speculator may try to buy at a low price to sell later at a higher price, thus making a neat profit in the bargain. Now, you may wonder where is the risk here?

Any activity which is future-based involves risk. Look at it this way: the speculator buys at what he believes is a low price; he does this to sell at a higher price - something that may happen in the future. But there is no guarantee that the price will rise in the future. Thus he is taking a chance; in stock market jargon, this 'taking a chance' is called speculation.

In a simple way, let's say, even before the third test between India and England starts, you place a bet on its outcome - that India will win the match. Now what you are doing here is that you are speculating, with considerable risk involved - India may or may not win the match! 

Who is a Broker?
A broker is a middleman who brings a buyer and a seller together. He helps strike a deal; he charges brokerage or commission for his services. He does not buy or sell for himself; he does this to earn commission. In the stock market, there are both individual brokers as well as corporate brokers (like Motilal Oswal).

Types of Stock Brokers

There are two important types of brokers: Bear and Bull. Though brokers, they are called by these peculiar names after the kind of speculation they indulge in. 

Who is a Bear?
A bear is a broker and a speculator. He is a pessimist; he expects the price of shares to fall.  So what he tries to do is to sell at today's price, which he fears will fall in the future. He believes that by selling the shares at today's higher price, he can avoid making a loss in the future. If there is large-scale selling by a large number of bears, such a market sentiment is called bearish.

Who is a Bull?

A bull is a broker and a speculator. He is an optimist; he expects the price of shares to rise.  So what he tries to do is to buy at today's price, which he hopes will rise in the future. He believes that by buying the shares at today's lower price, he can make a big profit in the future after selling the shares at a higher price. If there is large-scale buying by a large number of bulls, such a market sentiment is called bullish.

After this simple take on stock brokers like bulls and bears, now let us look at two important types of investors: Chicken, Pig, and Stag.

Types of Investors
There are three important types of investors: Stag, Chicken, and Pig. I will not focus on the long term investor. 

Who is a Stag?

A Stag is an investor who buys shares through a famous company's Share Issue, i.e. on application when the company comes out with a share issue. He does this with a simple view: Buy at the face value (i.e. par value) and sell either before the company gets listed on the stock exchange (i.e. before trading starts on the stock exchange), or on the first day of the listing or in the first few days after the company gets listed on the stock exchange. 

The idea behind this is simple: buy at a low price (on application) and sell at a profit when the price goes up in the first few days of the company's listing. There is pretty little risk involved in this kind of trading. 

Who is a Chicken?

Ever heard the term - 'chicken-hearted'? If you called someone 'chicken-hearted', you meant to call that person a coward,  i.e. someone lacking courage. 

In the same way, a Chicken is an investor who does not have the courage to take risk. He is risk-averse, i.e. he avoids taking risk. He does not wish to lose money (and sleep!). So he does not speculate; he also avoid buying / selling anything for the short term. Typically he invests money in fixed deposits (mostly with nationalised banks; the guy would not trust private sector banks) and government bonds, like those issued by the RBI. On a rare occasion, he might invest in some blue chip stocks for the long term.

For your information, blue chip stocks relate to those companies that are financially secure, have a long track record of consistent growth, and sometimes, high dividend payout history.

Who is a Pig?

As an investor, a Pig is the antithesis of a Chicken; a Pig loves to take risk, to make that LARGE profit. Being impulsive and greedy by nature, he buys on the spur of the moment, without doing any background check on how the company is performing or whether the share price will rise. 

A Pig is the darling of a stock broker (bear / bull). Since he is a huge risk-taker, the stock brokers love him. The Pig may or may not make money but the stock broker does (by earning his commission).

I wanted to keep this article short; I hope this helps.

DIS DATA IS TAKEN FROM MY GURUJI'S BLOG...."bjnocabbages"...tanq sir...